In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: usb: kaweth: remove TX queue manipulation in kaweth_set_rx_mode kaweth_set_rx_mode(), the ndo_set_rx_mode callback, calls netif_stop_queue() and netif_wake_queue(). These are TX queue flow control functions unrelated to RX multicast configuration. The premature netif_wake_queue() can re-enable TX while tx_urb is still in-flight, leading to a double usb_submit_urb() on the same URB: kaweth_start_xmit() { netif_stop_queue(); usb_submit_urb(kaweth->tx_urb); } kaweth_set_rx_mode() { netif_stop_queue(); netif_wake_queue(); // wakes TX queue before URB is done } kaweth_start_xmit() { netif_stop_queue(); usb_submit_urb(kaweth->tx_urb); // URB submitted while active } This triggers the WARN in usb_submit_urb(): "URB submitted while active" This is a similar class of bug fixed in rtl8150 by - commit 958baf5eaee3 ("net: usb: Remove disruptive netif_wake_queue in rtl8150_set_multicast"). Also kaweth_set_rx_mode() is already functionally broken, the real set_rx_mode action is performed by kaweth_async_set_rx_mode(), which in turn is not a no-op only at ndo_open() time.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix incorrect early exits for invalid metabox-enabled images Crafted EROFS images with metadata compression enabled can trigger incorrect early returns, leading to folio reference leaks. However, this does not cause system crashes or other severe issues.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: ipu6: Fix RPM reference leak in probe error paths Several error paths in ipu6_pci_probe() were jumping directly to out_ipu6_bus_del_devices without releasing the runtime PM reference. Add pm_runtime_put_sync() before cleaning up other resources.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: pci: validate release report content before using for RTL8922DE The commit 957eda596c76 ("wifi: rtw89: pci: validate sequence number of TX release report") does validation on existing chips, which somehow a release report of SKB becomes malformed. As no clear cause found, add rules ahead for RTL8922DE to avoid crash if it happens.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: rs9: Reserve 8 struct clk_hw slots for for 9FGV0841 The 9FGV0841 has 8 outputs and registers 8 struct clk_hw, make sure there are 8 slots for those newly registered clk_hw pointers, else there is going to be out of bounds write when pointers 4..7 are set into struct rs9_driver_data .clk_dif[4..7] field. Since there are other structure members past this struct clk_hw pointer array, writing to .clk_dif[4..7] fields corrupts both the struct rs9_driver_data content and data around it, sometimes without crashing the kernel. However, the kernel does surely crash when the driver is unbound or during suspend. Fix this, increase the struct clk_hw pointer array size to the maximum output count of 9FGV0841, which is the biggest chip that is supported by this driver.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/zcrx: fix post open error handling Closing a queue doesn't guarantee that all associated page pools are terminated right away, let the refcounting do the work instead of releasing the zcrx ctx directly.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: fix 22000 series SMEM parsing If the firmware were to report three LMACs (which doesn't exist in hardware) then using "fwrt->smem_cfg.lmac[2]" is an overrun of the array. Reject such and use IWL_FW_CHECK instead of WARN_ON in this function.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: EFI/CPER: don't dump the entire memory region The current logic at cper_print_fw_err() doesn't check if the error record length is big enough to handle offset. On a bad firmware, if the ofset is above the actual record, length -= offset will underflow, making it dump the entire memory. The end result can be: - the logic taking a lot of time dumping large regions of memory; - data disclosure due to the memory dumps; - an OOPS, if it tries to dump an unmapped memory region. Fix it by checking if the section length is too small before doing a hex dump. [ rjw: Subject tweaks ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: dwc3: gadget: Move vbus draw to workqueue context Currently dwc3_gadget_vbus_draw() can be called from atomic context, which in turn invokes power-supply-core APIs. And some these PMIC APIs have operations that may sleep, leading to kernel panic. Fix this by moving the vbus_draw into a workqueue context.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/buddy: Prevent BUG_ON by validating rounded allocation When DRM_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION is set, the requested size is rounded up to the next power-of-two via roundup_pow_of_two(). Similarly, for non-contiguous allocations with large min_block_size, the size is aligned up via round_up(). Both operations can produce a rounded size that exceeds mm->size, which later triggers BUG_ON(order > mm->max_order). Example scenarios: - 9G CONTIGUOUS allocation on 10G VRAM memory: roundup_pow_of_two(9G) = 16G > 10G - 9G allocation with 8G min_block_size on 10G VRAM memory: round_up(9G, 8G) = 16G > 10G Fix this by checking the rounded size against mm->size. For non-contiguous or range allocations where size > mm->size is invalid, return -EINVAL immediately. For contiguous allocations without range restrictions, allow the request to fall through to the existing __alloc_contig_try_harder() fallback. This ensures invalid user input returns an error or uses the fallback path instead of hitting BUG_ON. v2: (Matt A) - Add Fixes, Cc stable, and Closes tags for context

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: fix reflink preserve cleanup issue commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by error") doesn't handle all cases and the cleanup job for preserved xattr entries still has bug: - the 'last' pointer should be shifted by one unit after cleanup an array entry. - current code logic doesn't cleanup the first entry when xh_count is 1. Note, commit c06c303832ec is also a bug fix for 0fe9b66c65f3.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: always flush state and policy upon NETDEV_UNREGISTER event syzbot is reporting that "struct xfrm_state" refcount is leaking. unregister_netdevice: waiting for netdevsim0 to become free. Usage count = 2 ref_tracker: netdev@ffff888052f24618 has 1/1 users at __netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4400 [inline] netdev_tracker_alloc include/linux/netdevice.h:4412 [inline] xfrm_dev_state_add+0x3a5/0x1080 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c:316 xfrm_state_construct net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:986 [inline] xfrm_add_sa+0x34ff/0x5fa0 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:1022 xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x58e/0xc00 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3507 netlink_rcv_skb+0x158/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550 xfrm_netlink_rcv+0x71/0x90 net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c:3529 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x5aa/0x870 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344 netlink_sendmsg+0x8c8/0xdd0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0xa5d/0xc30 net/socket.c:2592 ___sys_sendmsg+0x134/0x1d0 net/socket.c:2646 __sys_sendmsg+0x16d/0x220 net/socket.c:2678 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f This is because commit d77e38e612a0 ("xfrm: Add an IPsec hardware offloading API") implemented xfrm_dev_unregister() as no-op despite xfrm_dev_state_add() from xfrm_state_construct() acquires a reference to "struct net_device". I guess that that commit expected that NETDEV_DOWN event is fired before NETDEV_UNREGISTER event fires, and also assumed that xfrm_dev_state_add() is called only if (dev->features & NETIF_F_HW_ESP) != 0. Sabrina Dubroca identified steps to reproduce the same symptoms as below. echo 0 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device dev=$(ls -1 /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim0/net/) ip xfrm state add src 192.168.13.1 dst 192.168.13.2 proto esp \ spi 0x1000 mode tunnel aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' $key 128 \ offload crypto dev $dev dir out ethtool -K $dev esp-hw-offload off echo 0 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device Like these steps indicate, the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit can be cleared after xfrm_dev_state_add() acquired a reference to "struct net_device". Also, xfrm_dev_state_add() does not check for the NETIF_F_HW_ESP bit when acquiring a reference to "struct net_device". Commit 03891f820c21 ("xfrm: handle NETDEV_UNREGISTER for xfrm device") re-introduced the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event to xfrm_dev_event(), but that commit for unknown reason chose to share xfrm_dev_down() between the NETDEV_DOWN event and the NETDEV_UNREGISTER event. I guess that that commit missed the behavior in the previous paragraph. Therefore, we need to re-introduce xfrm_dev_unregister() in order to release the reference to "struct net_device" by unconditionally flushing state and policy.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix interlaced plain identification for encoded extents Only plain data whose start position and on-disk physical length are both aligned to the block size should be classified as interlaced plain extents. Otherwise, it must be treated as shifted plain extents. This issue was found by syzbot using a crafted compressed image containing plain extents with unaligned physical lengths, which can cause OOB read in z_erofs_transform_plain().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (nct7363) Fix a resource leak in nct7363_present_pwm_fanin When calling of_parse_phandle_with_args(), the caller is responsible to call of_node_put() to release the reference of device node. In nct7363_present_pwm_fanin, it does not release the reference, causing a resource leak.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: udplite: Fix null-ptr-deref in __udp_enqueue_schedule_skb(). syzbot reported null-ptr-deref of udp_sk(sk)->udp_prod_queue. [0] Since the cited commit, udp_lib_init_sock() can fail, as can udp_init_sock() and udpv6_init_sock(). Let's handle the error in udplite_sk_init() and udplitev6_sk_init(). [0]: BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in instrument_atomic_read include/linux/instrumented.h:82 [inline] BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in atomic_read include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:32 [inline] BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in __udp_enqueue_schedule_skb+0x151/0x1480 net/ipv4/udp.c:1719 Read of size 4 at addr 0000000000000008 by task syz.2.18/2944 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 2944 Comm: syz.2.18 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPTLAZY Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: <IRQ> dump_stack_lvl+0xe8/0x150 lib/dump_stack.c:120 kasan_report+0xa2/0xe0 mm/kasan/report.c:595 check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:-1 [inline] kasan_check_range+0x264/0x2c0 mm/kasan/generic.c:200 instrument_atomic_read include/linux/instrumented.h:82 [inline] atomic_read include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:32 [inline] __udp_enqueue_schedule_skb+0x151/0x1480 net/ipv4/udp.c:1719 __udpv6_queue_rcv_skb net/ipv6/udp.c:795 [inline] udpv6_queue_rcv_one_skb+0xa2e/0x1ad0 net/ipv6/udp.c:906 udp6_unicast_rcv_skb+0x227/0x380 net/ipv6/udp.c:1064 ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu+0xe17/0x1540 net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:438 ip6_input_finish+0x191/0x350 net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:489 NF_HOOK+0x354/0x3f0 include/linux/netfilter.h:318 ip6_input+0x16c/0x2b0 net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:500 NF_HOOK+0x354/0x3f0 include/linux/netfilter.h:318 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6149 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0xd3/0x370 net/core/dev.c:6262 process_backlog+0x4d6/0x1160 net/core/dev.c:6614 __napi_poll+0xae/0x320 net/core/dev.c:7678 napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7741 [inline] net_rx_action+0x60d/0xdc0 net/core/dev.c:7893 handle_softirqs+0x209/0x8d0 kernel/softirq.c:622 do_softirq+0x52/0x90 kernel/softirq.c:523 </IRQ> <TASK> __local_bh_enable_ip+0xe7/0x120 kernel/softirq.c:450 local_bh_enable include/linux/bottom_half.h:33 [inline] rcu_read_unlock_bh include/linux/rcupdate.h:924 [inline] __dev_queue_xmit+0x109c/0x2dc0 net/core/dev.c:4856 __ip6_finish_output net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:-1 [inline] ip6_finish_output+0x158/0x4e0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:219 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:307 [inline] ip6_output+0x342/0x580 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:246 ip6_send_skb+0x1d7/0x3c0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:1984 udp_v6_send_skb+0x9a5/0x1770 net/ipv6/udp.c:1442 udp_v6_push_pending_frames+0xa2/0x140 net/ipv6/udp.c:1469 udpv6_sendmsg+0xfe0/0x2830 net/ipv6/udp.c:1759 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0xe5/0x270 net/socket.c:742 __sys_sendto+0x3eb/0x580 net/socket.c:2206 __do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2213 [inline] __se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2209 [inline] __x64_sys_sendto+0xde/0x100 net/socket.c:2209 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xd2/0xf20 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e RIP: 0033:0x7f67b4d9c629 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f67b5c98028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002c RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f67b5015fa0 RCX: 00007f67b4d9c629 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 00007f67b4e32b39 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000040000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f67b5016038 R14: 00007f67b5015fa0 R15: 00007ffe3cb66dd8 </TASK>

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/bitmap: fix GPF in write_page caused by resize race A General Protection Fault occurs in write_page() during array resize: RIP: 0010:write_page+0x22b/0x3c0 [md_mod] This is a use-after-free race between bitmap_daemon_work() and __bitmap_resize(). The daemon iterates over `bitmap->storage.filemap` without locking, while the resize path frees that storage via md_bitmap_file_unmap(). `quiesce()` does not stop the md thread, allowing concurrent access to freed pages. Fix by holding `mddev->bitmap_info.mutex` during the bitmap update.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: tegra-video: Fix memory leak in __tegra_channel_try_format() The state object allocated by __v4l2_subdev_state_alloc() must be freed with __v4l2_subdev_state_free() when it is no longer needed. In __tegra_channel_try_format(), two error paths return directly after v4l2_subdev_call() fails, without freeing the allocated 'sd_state' object. This violates the requirement and causes a memory leak. Fix this by introducing a cleanup label and using goto statements in the error paths to ensure that __v4l2_subdev_state_free() is always called before the function returns.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mfd: macsmc: Initialize mutex Initialize struct apple_smc's mutex in apple_smc_probe(). Using the mutex uninitialized surprisingly resulted only in occasional NULL pointer dereferences in apple_smc_read() calls from the probe() functions of sub devices.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: staging: rtl8723bs: fix null dereference in find_network The variable pwlan has the possibility of being NULL when passed into rtw_free_network_nolock() which would later dereference the variable.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfs: fix freemap adjustments when adding xattrs to leaf blocks xfs/592 and xfs/794 both trip this assertion in the leaf block freemap adjustment code after ~20 minutes of running on my test VMs: ASSERT(ichdr->firstused >= ichdr->count * sizeof(xfs_attr_leaf_entry_t) + xfs_attr3_leaf_hdr_size(leaf)); Upon enabling quite a lot more debugging code, I narrowed this down to fsstress trying to set a local extended attribute with namelen=3 and valuelen=71. This results in an entry size of 80 bytes. At the start of xfs_attr3_leaf_add_work, the freemap looks like this: i 0 base 448 size 0 rhs 448 count 46 i 1 base 388 size 132 rhs 448 count 46 i 2 base 2120 size 4 rhs 448 count 46 firstused = 520 where "rhs" is the first byte past the end of the leaf entry array. This is inconsistent -- the entries array ends at byte 448, but freemap[1] says there's free space starting at byte 388! By the end of the function, the freemap is in worse shape: i 0 base 456 size 0 rhs 456 count 47 i 1 base 388 size 52 rhs 456 count 47 i 2 base 2120 size 4 rhs 456 count 47 firstused = 440 Important note: 388 is not aligned with the entries array element size of 8 bytes. Based on the incorrect freemap, the name area starts at byte 440, which is below the end of the entries array! That's why the assertion triggers and the filesystem shuts down. How did we end up here? First, recall from the previous patch that the freemap array in an xattr leaf block is not intended to be a comprehensive map of all free space in the leaf block. In other words, it's perfectly legal to have a leaf block with: * 376 bytes in use by the entries array * freemap[0] has [base = 376, size = 8] * freemap[1] has [base = 388, size = 1500] * the space between 376 and 388 is free, but the freemap stopped tracking that some time ago If we add one xattr, the entries array grows to 384 bytes, and freemap[0] becomes [base = 384, size = 0]. So far, so good. But if we add a second xattr, the entries array grows to 392 bytes, and freemap[0] gets pushed up to [base = 392, size = 0]. This is bad, because freemap[1] hasn't been updated, and now the entries array and the free space claim the same space. The fix here is to adjust all freemap entries so that none of them collide with the entries array. Note that this fix relies on commit 2a2b5932db6758 ("xfs: fix attr leaf header freemap.size underflow") and the previous patch that resets zero length freemap entries to have base = 0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: octeontx2-af: CGX: fix bitmap leaks The RX/TX flow-control bitmaps (rx_fc_pfvf_bmap and tx_fc_pfvf_bmap) are allocated by cgx_lmac_init() but never freed in cgx_lmac_exit(). Unbinding and rebinding the driver therefore triggers kmemleak: unreferenced object (size 16): backtrace: rvu_alloc_bitmap cgx_probe Free both bitmaps during teardown.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: usb: pegasus: enable basic endpoint checking pegasus_probe() fills URBs with hardcoded endpoint pipes without verifying the endpoint descriptors: - usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev, 1) for RX data - usb_sndbulkpipe(dev, 2) for TX data - usb_rcvintpipe(dev, 3) for status interrupts A malformed USB device can present these endpoints with transfer types that differ from what the driver assumes. Add a pegasus_usb_ep enum for endpoint numbers, replacing magic constants throughout. Add usb_check_bulk_endpoints() and usb_check_int_endpoints() calls before any resource allocation to verify endpoint types before use, rejecting devices with mismatched descriptors at probe time, and avoid triggering assertion. Similar fix to - commit 90b7f2961798 ("net: usb: rtl8150: enable basic endpoint checking") - commit 9e7021d2aeae ("net: usb: catc: enable basic endpoint checking")

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mux: mmio: fix regmap leak on probe failure The mmio regmap that may be allocated during probe is never freed. Switch to using the device managed allocator so that the regmap is released on probe failures (e.g. probe deferral) and on driver unbind.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix incorrect early exits in volume label handling Crafted EROFS images containing valid volume labels can trigger incorrect early returns, leading to folio reference leaks. However, this does not cause system crashes or other severe issues.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfs: remove xfs_attr_leaf_hasname The calling convention of xfs_attr_leaf_hasname() is problematic, because it returns a NULL buffer when xfs_attr3_leaf_read fails, a valid buffer when xfs_attr3_leaf_lookup_int returns -ENOATTR or -EEXIST, and a non-NULL buffer pointer for an already released buffer when xfs_attr3_leaf_lookup_int fails with other error values. Fix this by simply open coding xfs_attr_leaf_hasname in the callers, so that the buffer release code is done by each caller of xfs_attr3_leaf_read.